{"id":9756,"date":"2026-04-20T09:37:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/?p=9756"},"modified":"2026-04-20T09:37:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:37:51","slug":"su-khac-nhau-giua-amoni-bac-4-va-chat-diet-bao-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/su-khac-nhau-giua-amoni-bac-4-va-chat-diet-bao-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Amoni b\u1eadc 4 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP, ba nh\u00f3m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT), alcohol v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed (sporicidal). Trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, SEPRO<\/a><\/strong> s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Amoni b\u1eadc 4 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/strong><\/a>, c\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed, t\u1ea1i sao amoni b\u1eadc 4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ecdi Grade nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean sporicide, v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn amoni hay c\u1ed3n<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng Quan V\u1ec1 C\u1ed3n, Sporicide V\u00e0 Amoni B\u1eadc 4<\/b><\/h2>\n

Amoni B\u1eadc 4 L\u00e0 G\u00ec<\/b><\/h3>\n

Amoni b\u1eadc 4 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft QACs) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nit\u01a1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 4 nh\u00f3m alkyl kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a amoni b\u1eadc 4 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch (surfactant) v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3 2 nhu c\u1ea7u. Amoni b\u1eadc 4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, virus c\u00f3 v\u1ecf lipid, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, <\/span>n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/b> v\u00e0 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean biofilm. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 amoni b\u1eadc 4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

Link ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: https:\/\/www.quora.com\/How-does-Quaternary-ammonium-compounds-kill-bacteria<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u1ed3n (Ethanol\/IPA) L\u00e0 G\u00ec<\/b><\/h3>\n

Trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch, hai lo\u1ea1i alcohol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ethanol 70% v\u00e0 isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 70%. Alcohol c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh bay h\u01a1i nhanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a alcohol l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh v\u1eadt. So v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT), alcohol c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7t B\u00e0o T\u1eed L\u00e0 G\u00ec<\/b><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed (sporicidal agents) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t b\u00e0o t\u1eed vi khu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m peracetic acid (PAA) v\u00e0 hydrogen peroxide \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT) v\u00e0 alcohol, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0o t\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft do QUAT v\u00e0 alcohol kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0o t\u1eed vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

So S\u00e1nh C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/h2>\n

Amoni B\u1eadc 4 Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o<\/b><\/h3>\n

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean vi sinh v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh):<\/b>
    \n<\/b> QUAT mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1edbp phospholipid mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ion.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein:<\/b>
    \n<\/b> Sau khi m\u00e0ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, protein v\u00e0 enzyme n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a:<\/b>
    \n<\/b> S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 enzyme d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ATP), cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a amoni b\u1eadc 4 l\u00e0 10-15 ph\u00fat contact time. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1eeba kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n trong 1 l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Grade. \u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1eed, biofilm, virus kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn CDC: “The bactericidal action of the quaternaries has been attributed to the inactivation of energy-producing enzymes, denaturation of essential cell proteins, and disruption of the cell membrane.”<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y (t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, lipid bilayer, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein), b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <\/span>V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n Trong Ng\u00e0nh D\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a><\/strong> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u1ed3n Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o<\/b><\/h3>\n

    C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 70%, do s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bay h\u01a1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u1ed3n c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ph\u00fat t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed3n bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 virus c\u00f3 v\u1ecf lipid, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 virus kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh bay h\u01a1i nhanh, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7t B\u00e0o T\u1eed Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Peracetic acid (PAA)<\/b><\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c oxy h\u00f3a (reactive oxygen species), g\u00e2y ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y protein, lipid v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e0o t\u1eed. PAA c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m vi khu\u1ea9n sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u1ea5m, virus (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 virus kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf) v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed vi khu\u1ea9n. Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201330 ph\u00fat t\u00f9y theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hydrogen peroxide (H\u2082O\u2082)<\/b> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, protein v\u00e0 DNA c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, H\u2082O\u2082 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m, virus v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed. Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi PAA v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

    So S\u00e1nh C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t<\/b><\/td>\nC\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ch\u00ednh<\/b><\/td>\nT\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ed9<\/b><\/td>\nM\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Amoni B\u1eadc 4<\/span><\/td>\nL\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh enzyme + protein + ph\u00e1 m\u00e0ng<\/span><\/td>\n10-15 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/td>\nVi sinh vegetative<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u1ed3n<\/span><\/td>\nBi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein + ph\u00e1 m\u00e0ng<\/span><\/td>\n2-10 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/td>\nVi sinh vegetative<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PAA<\/span><\/td>\nPh\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u1ecf b\u00e0o t\u1eed + DNA<\/span><\/td>\n15-30 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/td>\nM\u1ecdi vi sinh (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u00e0o t\u1eed)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    H2O2<\/span><\/td>\nOxygen radicals + DNA<\/span><\/td>\n30-60 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/td>\nM\u1ecdi vi sinh (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u00e0o t\u1eed)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Tr\u00ean C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i Vi Sinh<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Amoni B\u1eadc 4<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u1ed1t Tr\u00ean:<\/span><\/p>\n