{"id":9740,"date":"2026-04-16T10:53:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T10:53:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/?p=9740"},"modified":"2026-04-16T10:53:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T10:53:08","slug":"vi-tri-cua-hop-chat-amoni-bac-bon-trong-nganh-duoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/vi-tri-cua-hop-chat-amoni-bac-bon-trong-nganh-duoc\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n Trong Ng\u00e0nh D\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea9m: T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ebfn \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong h\u01a1n 80 n\u0103m qua,<\/span><b> h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (quaternary ammonium compounds, QACs) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh &amp; kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1ecf v\u1eeba.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y <a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/\"><strong>SEPRO<\/strong><\/a> s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n L\u00e0 G\u00ec: \u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a &amp; C\u01a1 S\u1edf H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/vi-tri-cua-hop-chat-amoni-bac-bon-trong-nganh-duoc\/\"><b>Amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, QACs) m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nit\u01a1 (N) li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 4 nh\u00f3m alkyl kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Theo PubMed:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Quaternary ammonium compounds, referred to as QACs, are cationic substances&#8221;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PubMed \u2013 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Simple in Structure, Complex in Application<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cationic (mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/quat-kiem-soat-vi-sinh-phong-sach\/\">ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/a><\/strong> v\u00ec m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi sinh v\u1eadt mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>C\u00e1c T\u00ean G\u1ecdi Kh\u00e1c C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n<\/b><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9744\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9744\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9744\" src=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2-6.png\" alt=\"amoni-bac-4-la-gi\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2-6.png 600w, https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2-6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2-6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2-6-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9744\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Amoni B\u1eadc 4 L\u00e0 G\u00ec ?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quaternary ammonium compounds (t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QACs (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ammonium compounds (g\u1ecdi ng\u1eafn)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QAC (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surfactant cationic (trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean n\u00e0y trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u GMP, SOP, hay b\u00e1o c\u00e1o vi sinh ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>T\u1ea1i Sao H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t Trong Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Vi Sinh Ph\u00f2ng S\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Con S\u1ed1 N\u00f3i L\u00ean T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n audit GMP ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra SOP v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>70-80%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>60-70%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n cho Grade C\/D s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>&gt;50%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (h\u00e0nh lang, kho, ph\u00f2ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo CDC:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;The quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used as disinfectants.&#8221;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> CDC \u2013 Chemical Disinfectants<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b>V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi IPA &amp; Ethanol<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean <\/span><b>m\u1ecdi khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>V\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eeba kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (surfactant), n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng 1 l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 cho nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>An to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i &#8211; So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, <\/span><b>h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">g\u00e2y \u00edt t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 h\u01a1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch <\/span><b>(t\u00f9y v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n &#8211; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch (baseline chemistry) trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Breaking News:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng <strong>hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QuantumTec (QT QUAT)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ecolab (Klercide)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sch\u00fclke (perform)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contec (CyQuanol) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c QACs v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng: H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t N\u00e0y Di\u1ec7t Vi Sinh B\u1eb1ng C\u00e1ch N\u00e0o<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9746\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9746\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9746 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/3-5.png\" alt=\"co-che-hoat-dong-cua-amoni-bac-bon\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/3-5.png 600w, https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/3-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/3-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/3-5-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc b\u1ed1n<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><b>3 C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng Ch\u00ednh<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t vi sinh n\u00f3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb 3 h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo CDC:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;The bactericidal action of the quaternaries has been attributed to the inactivation of energy-producing enzymes, denaturation of essential cell proteins, and disruption of the cell membrane.&#8221;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> CDC \u2013 Chemical Disinfectants<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf 1: B\u1ea5t Ho\u1ea1t Enzyme T\u1ea1o N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 vi sinh c\u1ea7n ATP (adenosine triphosphate) \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh s\u1ed1ng. ATP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng enzyme nh\u01b0 dehydrogenase v\u00e0 ATPase \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c enzyme n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c enzyme ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a enzyme ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft, n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a enzyme, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ATP, b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf 2: Bi\u1ebfn T\u00ednh Protein Thi\u1ebft Y\u1ebfu<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protein l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. M\u1ed7i protein c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi chu\u1ed7i amino acid c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a protein.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a protein. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a protein (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m nh\u01b0 carboxyl, phosphate) l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydrogen v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ion gi\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein. Khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, protein kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng protein b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng enzyme, nh\u1eefng protein v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, hay nh\u1eefng protein c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Khi nh\u1eefng protein n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, vi sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, hay t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng sinh ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf 3: Ph\u00e1 V\u1ee1 M\u00e0ng T\u1ebf B\u00e0o<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m lipid bilayer (hai l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n t\u1eed lipid x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng protein nh\u00fang v\u00e0o. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lipid (phosphate) mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. <strong>Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 cao,<\/strong> h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n\/xen v\u00e0o trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a lipid bilayer. L\u00e0m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed lipid, l\u00e0m gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a lipid, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Khi m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb th\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb7c suy y\u1ebfu,<\/strong> nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra ngo\u00e0i, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lysis t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. <strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Tr\u00ean Vi Sinh N\u00e0o &amp; K\u00e9m Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Ra Sao<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u1ed1t Tr\u00ean<\/b><\/h3>\n<h4><b>Vi Khu\u1ea9n Gram D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Bacillus, Staphylococcus)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: \u22654 log (di\u1ec7t 99.99%)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact time: 10-15 ph\u00fat (n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0.5-1%)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Virus C\u00f3 V\u1ecf Lipid<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: &gt;3 log<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact time: 2-10 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>M\u1ed9t S\u1ed1 Lo\u1ea1i Vi Khu\u1ea9n N\u1ea5m<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: 2-3 log (trung b\u00ecnh)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact time: 15-20 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Candida albicans ATCC 10231<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>K\u00e9m Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Ho\u1eb7c V\u00f4 Hi\u1ec7u Tr\u00ean<\/b><\/h3>\n<h4><b>Vi Khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00c2m (Pseudomonas, E. coli)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: 30-50% (th\u1ea5p)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do: M\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact time c\u1ea7n: 20-30 ph\u00fat (l\u00e2u h\u01a1n)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Biofilm\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: &lt;2 log (g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do: L\u1edbp ma tr\u1eadn EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substance) b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 vi sinh b\u00ean trong<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean biofilm l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xem th\u00eam t\u1ea1i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/tac-dong-cua-quat-tren-biofilm-va-vi-sinh\/\"><b>T\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A QUAT TR\u00caN BIOFILM V\u00c0 VI SINH<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Virus Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 V\u1ecf Lipid<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: &lt;1 log (g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Adenovirus type 5 ATCC VR-5, Hepatitis A, Norovirus<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a virus khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>B\u00e0o T\u1eed Vi Khu\u1ea9n<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: 0 log (ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o t\u1eed, Clostridium difficile<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do: L\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0<b>KH\u00d4NG <\/b>ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sporicide n\u00f3 <strong>kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Theo CDC:<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;they are not sporicidal&#8221;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> CDC \u2013 Chemical Disinfectants<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng Sporicide (PAA, H2O2 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, hay Chlorine).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t D\u00f9ng Cho Khu V\u1ef1c N\u00e0o Trong Ph\u00f2ng S\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n Tuy\u1ec7t V\u1eddi D\u00e0nh Cho Grade C &amp; D<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP, <strong>khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tin d\u00f9ng<\/strong> ch\u00ednh cho Grade C v\u00e0 D:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Grade<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>M\u00f4 T\u1ea3<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n Ph\u00f9 H\u1ee3p<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Ghi Ch\u00fa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grade A (ISO 5)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ec9 khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi sporicide ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng IPA\/PAA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grade B (ISO 6)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, pha ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 (ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi H2O2 ho\u1eb7c PAA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grade C (ISO 7)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00d3 (T\u1ed0I \u01afU)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grade D (ISO 8)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khu ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, h\u00e0nh lang, kho<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00d3 (T\u1ed0I \u01afU)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><b>C\u00e1c B\u1ec1 M\u1eb7t V\u00e0 Khu V\u1ef1c<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea7n, t\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u00e0n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0nh lang, kho, ph\u00f2ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, khay, thau r\u1eeda<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>KH\u00d4NG <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u01a1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0o t\u1eed (c\u1ea7n Sporicide ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong (n\u01a1i d\u1ec5 t\u00edch l\u0169y biofilm)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng Grade ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/hoa-chat-khu-khuan-phong-sach-theo-gmp-eu\/\"><b>H\u00d3A CH\u1ea4T KH\u1eec KHU\u1ea8N PH\u00d2NG S\u1ea0CH THEO GMP EU<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>So S\u00e1nh H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t V\u1edbi Alcohol<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Khi N\u00e0o Ch\u1ecdn Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n, Khi N\u00e0o Ch\u1ecdn Alcohol<\/b><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ti\u00eau Ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Alcohol (IPA\/Ethanol)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact time<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10-15 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2-10 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cao (&gt;4 log)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cao (&gt;4 log)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p (30-50%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p (30-50%)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ea5m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trung b\u00ecnh (2-3 log)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Virus c\u00f3 v\u1ecf lipid<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cao (&gt;3 log)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cao (&gt;3 log)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Virus kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecf<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p (&lt;1 log)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p (&lt;1 log)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 (c\u1ea7n r\u1eeda WFI)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng (bay h\u01a1i)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chi ph\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ebb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0102n m\u00f2n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng (t\u00f9y v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grade C\/D<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grade B\/C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n thay v\u00ec alcohol:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi c\u1ea7n v\u1ec7 sinh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi mu\u1ed1n v\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1eeba kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n trong 1 l\u1ea7n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng alcohol :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi c\u1ea7n contact time nhanh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t virus non-enveloped<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Nh\u1eefng Tranh C\u00e3i, V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Ch\u01b0a Gi\u1ea3i Quy\u1ebft &amp; C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi B\u1ecf Ng\u1ecf<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Tranh C\u00e3i 1: T\u00edch T\u1ee5 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng &amp; Kh\u00e1ng Thu\u1ed1c Vi Khu\u1ea9n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"66\" data-end=\"118\"><strong data-start=\"66\" data-end=\"118\">Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean: Amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"120\" data-end=\"266\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t <strong>kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i<\/strong> n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"840\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1xju87s\" data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"379\">Khi <strong>\u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"5ybb\" data-start=\"380\" data-end=\"553\">N\u1ebfu d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt <strong>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt d\u1ea7n th\u00edch nghi<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1gi7cou\" data-start=\"554\" data-end=\"735\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i k\u00e8m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"3xsq78\" data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"840\">V\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da, d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Th\u1ee9 Hai: V\u1eabn An To\u00e0n N\u1ebfu D\u00f9ng \u0110\u00fang<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n <strong>trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng + lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <strong>h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi sinh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac &lt;250 ng\u00e0y\/n\u0103m (n\u1ebfu lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean) l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf amoni b\u1eadc 4 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/strong> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eeba\/nh\u1ecf<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3 hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng <strong>v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (WFI sau 15-20 ph\u00fat), lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi Sporicide\/H2O2 (2-3 l\u1ea7n\/tu\u1ea7n), v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (Settle plate, EM), th\u00ec v\u1eeba an to\u00e0n v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. <\/span><b>Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Tranh C\u00e3i 2: T\u1ea1i Sao V\u1eabn D\u00f9ng Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n D\u00f9 C\u00f3 Thay Th\u1ebf Kh\u00e1c<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u00ec lo ng\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i <strong>\u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eeba\/nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. <\/span><b>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\/M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eeba\/nh\u1ecf.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: Tranh c\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch hay sai c\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/nhung-sai-lam-pho-bien-ve-quat\/\"><b>NH\u1eeeNG SAI L\u1ea6M PH\u1ed4 BI\u1ebeN V\u1ec0 QUAT TRONG PH\u00d2NG S\u1ea0CH GMP<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eabn l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Nh\u1eefng V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Ch\u01b0a C\u00f3 L\u1eddi Gi\u1ea3i<\/b><\/h3>\n<h4><b>V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 1: Thi\u1ebfu D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u V\u1ec1 Polymer Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polymer amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (PQUAT) l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft polymer amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng biofilm t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi PAA\/H2O2.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 2: Ch\u01b0a C\u00f3 D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Kh\u00e1ng Ch\u00e9o<\/b><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"659\">D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1ng amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n<\/strong> s\u1ebd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0o, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1edbm t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h4><b>V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 3: H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Ph\u00e2n H\u1ee7y Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch\/WFI. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n khi ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng. Li\u1ec7u polymer amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh h\u01a1n amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi B\u1ecf Ng\u00f5<\/b><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t virus non-enveloped (Adenovirus type 5 ATCC VR-5) b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecf lipid, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf (&lt;1 log)?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2026 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n VN c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? Polymer amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n hay amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n v\u1edbi surfactant biodegradable?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm vi sinh kh\u00e1ng amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam? Settle plate qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm, c\u1ea7n tool n\u00e0o: ATP hay qPCR?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><b>FAQ: Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p V\u1ec1 H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n<\/b><\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<h3><b>1. Vi Sinh C\u00f3 Th\u00edch Nghi V\u1edbi H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t N\u1ebfu D\u00f9ng Li\u00ean T\u1ee5c Kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: C\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, 365 ng\u00e0y\/n\u0103m, vi sinh s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00edch nghi qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf horizontal gene transfer gen qacE s\u1ebd lan truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh: Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Sporicide hay H2O2 (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2-3 l\u1ea7n\/tu\u1ea7n). Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>2. D\u01b0 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u00ean B\u1ec1 M\u1eb7t C\u00f3 Nguy Hi\u1ec3m Kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u (&gt;5 ppm tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t), n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng da cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi sinh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh: Lu\u00f4n r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng WFI <strong>sau 15-20 ph\u00fat phun<\/strong>. Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (b\u1eb1ng ATP bioluminescence hay ICP-MS).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>3. <a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/tac-dong-cua-quat-tren-biofilm-va-vi-sinh\/\">T\u1ea1i Sao L\u1ea1i Kh\u00f4ng Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Tr\u00ean Biofilm ?<\/a><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Biofilm l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi l\u1edbp ma tr\u1eadn EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substance) m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a polysaccharide, protein, v\u00e0 DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng (+), nh\u01b0ng EPS mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m (\u2212). Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi biofilm, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb EPS d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat v\u00e0o biofilm, nh\u01b0ng concentration gi\u1ea3m nhanh khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o, l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 &lt;2 log (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 1% vi sinh trong biofilm).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: T\u0103ng contact time l\u00ean 30-45 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 10-15 ph\u00fat nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (ch\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y, r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cao \u00e1p). D\u00f9ng Sporicide hay PAA thay th\u1ebf 1-2 l\u1ea7n\/tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1edbp EPS.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>4. C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 D\u00f9ng Cho Ph\u00f2ng S\u1ea1ch Grade A \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean, tr\u1eeb khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Sporicide. L\u00fd do: Grade A l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng r\u1ee7i ro vi khu\u1ea9n r\u1ea5t cao. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t KH\u00d4NG di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed, m\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Grade A. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0o t\u1eed, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n sporicide ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang: Grade A d\u00f9ng IPA 70% + amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac) ho\u1eb7c PAA chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c H2O2 v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng. Grade B lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n + H2O2 hay PAA. Grade C\/D amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 2-3 l\u1ea7n\/tu\u1ea7n sporicide.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>5. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Bao Nhi\u00eau L\u00e0 T\u1ed1i \u01afu?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: <strong>T\u00f9y theo s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GMP l\u00e0:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Pha Lo\u00e3ng<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec7 sinh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (Grade C\/D)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.5 &#8211; 1%<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1:100 \u0111\u1ebfn 1:200<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.5 &#8211; 1%<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1:100 \u0111\u1ebfn 1:200<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.25 &#8211; 0.5%<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1:200 \u0111\u1ebfn 1:400<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 &lt;0.25% kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t vi sinh (k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3). N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 &gt;2% g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c. H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>6. L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1ec3 Bi\u1ebft H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t C\u00f2n Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Hay Kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Vitro (Lab test): Suspension test (ASTM E1054) phun h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o vi sinh trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111o log reduction. Surface test (ASTM E2180) phun l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t stainless steel, \u0111o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Situ (Trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf): Settle plate ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau phun. ATP bioluminescence \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3). Environmental monitoring (EM) theo d\u00f5i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng vi sinh qua th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: Log reduction &lt;3 (t\u1ee9c &gt;0.1% vi sinh c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng) t\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Thay ngay sang lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/contact time. Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, pH, v\u00e0 date expire.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>7. C\u00f3 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebfn Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean Hay M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: C\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe: Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac &lt;250 ng\u00e0y\/n\u0103m (n\u1ebfu lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean) an to\u00e0n. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac &gt;300 ng\u00e0y\/n\u0103m (m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng da, k\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. D\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1eadm (30-60 ng\u00e0y). <strong>T\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o<\/strong>. G\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y sinh \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (&gt;1 ppm). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, t\u1ea1o residue \u0111\u1ed9c trong environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng <\/span><b>n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam (WFI)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ngay sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, tr\u00e1nh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 H2O2 hay PAA (thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a phosphate v\u00ec phosphate c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>8. Test In Vitro V\u00e0 In Situ C\u00f3 Kh\u00e1c Nhau Kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: C\u00f3, r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y test amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n trong lab l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ti\u00eau Ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>In Vitro (Lab)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>In Situ (Ph\u00f2ng S\u1ea1ch)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi sinh<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ATCC (chu\u1ea9n)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00edch nghi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i, d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t 20-25\u00b0C<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thay \u0111\u1ed5i (18-28\u00b0C)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact time<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00fang (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 10 ph\u00fat)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang (phun r\u1ed3i ngay)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u22654 log<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng 2-3 log<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Lab test amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n &#8220;Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 99.99% Bacillus subtilis trong 10 ph\u00fat&#8221;. Ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf &#8220;Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 95% vi sinh trong 20 ph\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 biofilm n\u00ean k\u00e9m h\u01a1n&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i, d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n. Vi sinh trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n ATCC). C\u00f3 biofilm, d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n phun tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9c c\u1ea3n. Contact time th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng &lt;5 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 10 ph\u00fat nh\u01b0 lab).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>9. C\u00f3 Ph\u1ea3i L\u00e0 H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t Xanh (Green Chemical) Kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00ec:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c: Ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n Chlorine. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o dioxin hay byproduct \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Chlorine. pH trung t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c: Ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1eadm (n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi 30-60 ng\u00e0y so v\u1edbi Chlorine l\u00e0 1-2 ng\u00e0y). T\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t, sinh v\u1eadt (bioaccumulation). G\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y sinh (aquatic toxicity). K\u00edch th\u00edch gen qacE vi sinh kh\u00e1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c: Chlorine nhanh nh\u01b0ng toxic, t\u1ea1o dioxin. PAA nhanh, ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. H2O2 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng corrosive. Amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n r\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng corrosive, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e2u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n sang PAA hay H2O2 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>10. T\u00f4i N\u00ean Tin D\u00f9ng Hay Thay Th\u1ebf B\u1eb1ng M\u1ed9t Lo\u1ea1i H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t Kh\u00e1c?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: T\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00ean d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n n\u1ebfu: Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0 Grade C\/D (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed). Budget h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n 3-4 ng\u00e0y\/tu\u1ea7n, Sporicide 2-3 ng\u00e0y\/tu\u1ea7n). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 monitoring system t\u1ed1t (EM \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, settle plate). Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 SOP r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00ean thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu: Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0 Grade A\/B (c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed). Budget d\u01b0 d\u1ea3 (PAA, H2O2 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n). C\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n biofilm hay b\u00e0o t\u1eed. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 SOP r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. B\u1ea1n lo ng\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n + Sporicide\/H2O2 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n, an to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><b>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn: V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n Trong Ng\u00e0nh D\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eeba\/nh\u1ecf<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, virus c\u00f3 v\u1ecf lipid, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, pH trung t\u00ednh, an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean (t\u00f9y v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1eeba kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n trong 1 l\u1ea7n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0ng amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n l\u00e0: H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (baseline) cho v\u1ec7 sinh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y Grade C\/D, lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi Sporicide \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch (r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean, monitoring), th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng (h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch) s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 k\u1ef9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng <\/span><b>\u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Ngu\u1ed3n Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PubMed &#8211; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Simple in Structure, Complex in Application <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31062103\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31062103\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CDC &#8211; Chemical Disinfectants: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/infection-control\/hcp\/disinfection-sterilization\/chemical-disinfectants.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/infection-control\/hcp\/disinfection-sterilization\/chemical-disinfectants.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong h\u01a1n 80 n\u0103m qua, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (quaternary ammonium compounds, QACs) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh &amp; kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1ecf v\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/vi-tri-cua-hop-chat-amoni-bac-bon-trong-nganh-duoc\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Amoni B\u1eadc B\u1ed1n Trong Ng\u00e0nh D\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea9m: T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ebfn \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[126],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9740"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9750,"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9740\/revisions\/9750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}