T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a QUAT Tr\u00ean Vi Khu\u1ea9n T\u1ef1 Do<\/b><\/h2>\n![\"tac-dong-cua-quat-tren-biofilm-va-vi-sinh\"](\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/2-11.png\")
T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a QUAT Tr\u00ean Biofilm V\u00e0 Vi Sinh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/h3>\n
QUAT ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n (QUAT mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u1edbi l\u1edbp phospholipid (mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m) tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng, chu\u1ed7i alkyl (chu\u1ed7i hydrocarbon) k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc chui v\u00e0o lipid bilayer (l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed lipid), g\u00e2y r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 do<\/b><\/h3>\n
R\u1ea5t cao, gi\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do QUAT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u2014 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhanh, \u00edt k\u00edch \u1ee9ng so v\u1edbi Chlorine (clo), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b><\/h3>\n
Biofilm kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 do \u2014 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i QUAT g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Biofilm L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 T\u1ea1i Sao QUAT K\u00e9m Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 K\u00e8m Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p H\u1ee3p L\u00fd<\/b><\/h2>\nBiofilm L\u00e0 G\u00ec<\/b><\/h3>\n
Biofilm \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/b> C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi khu\u1ea9n b\u00e1m d\u00ednh, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ma tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o (EPS \u2014 exopolysaccharide matrix, t\u1ee9c l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i) ch\u1ee9a protein, polysaccharide (\u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng), DNA. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao biofilm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh:<\/b> Vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb QUAT \u2192 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gene sinh EPS \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o “l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn” b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\nT\u1ea1i Sao QUAT K\u00e9m Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Tr\u00ean Biofilm<\/b><\/h3>\n
Ma tr\u1eadn EPS c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf QUAT:<\/b><\/p>\n\n- T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/b> EPS mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m \u2192 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef QUAT mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/b> \u2192 trung h\u00f2a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn vi khu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n
- C\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/b> N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 QUAT th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o t\u00e2m biofilm gi\u1ea3m 50-80%<\/b>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 sub-inhibitory (d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf):<\/b> QUAT th\u1ea5p \u2192 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n \u2192 l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u00edch ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o biofilm d\u00e0y h\u01a1n<\/b> (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd sub-lethal” \u2014 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u00edch vi sinh v\u1eadt)<\/p>\n
Persister cells:<\/b> Vi khu\u1ea9n chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng” (VBNC \u2014 Viable But Non-Culturable, s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y), kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\nGi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p H\u1ee3p L\u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n
V\u00ec QUAT \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean biofilm, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n
L\u00e0m S\u1ea1ch C\u01a1 H\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 B\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 B\u1ecf Qua<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/b>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea3i b\u1ea9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (protein, glucose, lipid) b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n- C\u00e2y qu\u00e9t m\u1ec1m, n\u01b0\u1edbc WFI (n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eam \u2014 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam) \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n
- N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc, QUAT s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao<\/b> b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/li>\n
- Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 QUAT l\u00ean 3-5 l\u1ea7n<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p QUAT V\u1edbi H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t M\u1ea1nh H\u01a1n<\/b><\/h4>\n
QUAT \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua EPS. C\u1ea7n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi:<\/b><\/p>\n\n- PAA + H<\/b>\u2082<\/b>O<\/b>\u2082<\/b> (axit peracetic + n\u01b0\u1edbc oxy h\u00f3a):<\/b> Sporicide (ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed) m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua EPS nhanh h\u01a1n<\/li>\n
- H<\/b>\u2082<\/b>O<\/b>\u2082<\/b> 6%:<\/b> M\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n QUAT nh\u01b0ng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n PAA \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb<\/li>\n
- Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean 4 tu\u1ea7n: QUAT \u2192 PAA+H\u2082O\u2082 \u2192 H\u2082O\u2082 6% \u2192 IPA 70%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec3 Ng\u0103n Biofilm H\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh<\/b><\/h4>\n\n- \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m (RH \u2014 Relative Humidity, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i):<\/b> Gi\u1eef 40-55%<\/b> \u2014 biofilm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u1edf RH > 60%<\/li>\n
- Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/b> Gi\u1eef 20-25\u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 vi khu\u1ea9n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh \u1edf > 30\u00b0C<\/li>\n
- K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch + QUAT + lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3m 80% nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh biofilm m\u1edbi<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
D\u00f9ng QUAT C\u00f3 Chu\u1ed7i Alkyl D\u00e0i (C16 T\u1ed1t H\u01a1n C12)<\/b><\/h4>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i QUAT n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nhau. QUAT v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i C16<\/b> (16 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp EPS t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n C12 ho\u1eb7c C14, do \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia:<\/b> N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng QUAT h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n biofilm l\u00ean t\u1edbi 60-70%<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\nC\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Kh\u00e1ng QUAT \u2014 Efflux Pump V\u00e0 Quorum Sensing<\/b><\/h2>\nEfflux pump (li\u00ean quan c\u00e1c gen qac)<\/b><\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c gen qac m\u00e3 h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng efflux pump, cho ph\u00e9p vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n QUAT ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00edch nghi, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- T\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ma tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o (EPS – exopolysaccharide matrix)<\/li>\n
- Quorum sensing (QS \u2014 giao ti\u1ebfp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) \u2014 vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n “\u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac” \u2192 b\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 “b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7”<\/li>\n
- T\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n
- S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t persister cells (nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o “ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng”)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Quorum sensing:<\/b><\/h3>\n
Quorum sensing l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao ti\u1ebfp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 QS k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n
\n- H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh biofilm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- T\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh c\u00e3i:<\/b> Efflux pump v\u00e0 quorum sensing c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh biofilm v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n – ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 efflux pump \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t TR\u01af\u1edaC hay SAU khi biofilm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/p>\nK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/b> Vi khu\u1ea9n trong biofilm tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng QUAT v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/b> (cross-resistance \u2014 kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o).<\/p><\/blockquote>\nTranh C\u00e3i V\u1ec1 Kh\u00e1ng Ch\u00e9o (Cross-Resistance) Gi\u1eefa QUAT V\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ng Sinh<\/b><\/h2>\n![\"tranh-cai-ve-khang-cheo-giua-quat-va-khang-sinh\"](\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/3-11.png\")
Tranh C\u00e3i V\u1ec1 Kh\u00e1ng Ch\u00e9o (Cross-Resistance) Gi\u1eefa QUAT V\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ng Sinh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi sinh<\/b><\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng gradient n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 QUAT trong biofilm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf (sub-inhibitory). Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00edch nghi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 efflux pump), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi QUAT m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/h3>\n
Trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, QUAT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o (0,5\u20132%), cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Do \u0111\u00f3, nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h3>\n
Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng QUAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gradient n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi sinh v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng:<\/b> Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb MDPI 2025 v\u1ec1 sub-inhibitory (n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf) QUAT v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh:<\/p>\n“The dilution and biocide residue phenomenon within environmental systems has been shown to give rise to a concentration gradient of these compounds.<\/p>\n
As a consequence of this phenomenon, microorganisms are exposed to ineffective concentrations of disinfectants, i.e., non-inhibitory, sub-inhibitory, and post-inhibitory, which causes selection pressure, and thus may result in the development of microbial resistance to a given disinfectant and cross-resistance to other agents, e.g., antibiotics.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (MDPI) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 biocide trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1ng sinh.<\/p>\n
H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/b><\/h3>\n
Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng QUAT, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt trong biofilm. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 D\u00e0i Chu\u1ed7i Alkyl \u2014 Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3<\/b><\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i alkyl l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT). C\u00e1c QUAT c\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i alkyl d\u00e0i h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 C16) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n trong \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t biofilm so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 C12 ho\u1eb7c C14.<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/b><\/h3>\n
Chu\u1ed7i alkyl d\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac lipid, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ma tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o (EPS) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac biofilm.<\/p>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/h3>\n
Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn QUAT c\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i alkyl ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 biofilm.<\/p>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i alkyl kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (TDS\/SDS) ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n Cho Ph\u00f2ng S\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h2>\n![\"chien-luoc-su-dung-hoa-chat-de-nang-cao-tac-dong-cua-quat-tren-biofilm\"](\"https:\/\/sepro.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4-9.png\")
Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a quat tr\u00ean biofilm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nVi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT) trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t biofilm v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n \u0111a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/b><\/h3>\n\n- Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea3i b\u1ea9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (protein, lipid, carbohydrate) b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc WFI v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng). B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/a>, c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
- \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng QUAT cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch Grade A\/B v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 1\u20132 l\u1ea7n\/tu\u1ea7n), nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi khu\u1ea9n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do.<\/li>\n
- Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi PAA + H<\/b>\u2082<\/b>O<\/b>\u2082<\/b> (sporicide m\u1ea1nh) 1-2 l\u1ea7n\/tu\u1ea7n. Xem th\u00eam t\u1ea1i H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n Ph\u00f2ng S\u1ea1ch Theo GMP EU<\/b><\/a>.<\/b><\/li>\n
- H<\/b>\u2082<\/b>O<\/b>\u2082<\/b> 6%<\/b> \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb cho tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3-4<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b> RH (\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) 40-55%<\/b>, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 20-25\u00b0C<\/b> (gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n biofilm)<\/li>\n
- Ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft:<\/b> contact time (th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac), n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, khu v\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 EM (environmental monitoring \u2014 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
T\u1ea1i sao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/b><\/h3>\n\n- Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/li>\n
- L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh biofilm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP.<\/p>\n
An To\u00e0n Cho Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Khi S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng QUAT<\/b><\/h3>\n
QUAT \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (> 2%) <\/b>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da, m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o (0.5-1%)<\/b>, nguy c\u01a1 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 SOP.<\/p>\nC\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n:<\/b><\/h4>\n\n- Pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u00fang t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 theo SOP (Standard Operating Procedure \u2014 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n) (gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cao)<\/li>\n
- D\u00f9ng PPE (Personal Protective Equipment \u2014 trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (k\u00ednh, g\u0103ng tay, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t)<\/li>\n
- Contact time (th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac) ng\u1eafn (15-20 ph\u00fat<\/b>) gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/li>\n
- Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n QUAT v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c (tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
So s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c<\/b><\/h4>\n
So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chlorine ho\u1eb7c peracetic acid), QUAT th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c k\u00edch \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi PAA + H<\/b>\u2082<\/b>O<\/b>\u2082<\/b>:<\/b> PAA c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n (0.2-0.35%<\/b>), nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Dos & Don’ts trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\nC\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n Biofilm Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 \u2014 So S\u00e1nh C\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p<\/b><\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n biofilm trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p “tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi” cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/b>.<\/p>\nB\u1ea3ng So S\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n Biofilm C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t<\/b><\/h3>\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/h3>\n
QUAT ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n (QUAT mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u1edbi l\u1edbp phospholipid (mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m) tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng, chu\u1ed7i alkyl (chu\u1ed7i hydrocarbon) k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc chui v\u00e0o lipid bilayer (l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed lipid), g\u00e2y r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 do<\/b><\/h3>\n
R\u1ea5t cao, gi\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do QUAT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u2014 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhanh, \u00edt k\u00edch \u1ee9ng so v\u1edbi Chlorine (clo), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b><\/h3>\n
Biofilm kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 do \u2014 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i QUAT g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Biofilm L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 T\u1ea1i Sao QUAT K\u00e9m Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 K\u00e8m Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p H\u1ee3p L\u00fd<\/b><\/h2>\nBiofilm L\u00e0 G\u00ec<\/b><\/h3>\n
Biofilm \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/b> C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi khu\u1ea9n b\u00e1m d\u00ednh, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ma tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o (EPS \u2014 exopolysaccharide matrix, t\u1ee9c l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i) ch\u1ee9a protein, polysaccharide (\u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng), DNA. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao biofilm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh:<\/b> Vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb QUAT \u2192 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gene sinh EPS \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o “l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn” b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\nT\u1ea1i Sao QUAT K\u00e9m Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Tr\u00ean Biofilm<\/b><\/h3>\n
Ma tr\u1eadn EPS c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf QUAT:<\/b><\/p>\n N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 sub-inhibitory (d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf):<\/b> QUAT th\u1ea5p \u2192 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n \u2192 l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u00edch ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o biofilm d\u00e0y h\u01a1n<\/b> (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd sub-lethal” \u2014 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u00edch vi sinh v\u1eadt)<\/p>\n Persister cells:<\/b> Vi khu\u1ea9n chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng” (VBNC \u2014 Viable But Non-Culturable, s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y), kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n V\u00ec QUAT \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean biofilm, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/b>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea3i b\u1ea9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (protein, glucose, lipid) b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n QUAT \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua EPS. C\u1ea7n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi:<\/b><\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i QUAT n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nhau. QUAT v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i C16<\/b> (16 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp EPS t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n C12 ho\u1eb7c C14, do \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n L\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia:<\/b> N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng QUAT h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n biofilm l\u00ean t\u1edbi 60-70%<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n C\u00e1c gen qac m\u00e3 h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng efflux pump, cho ph\u00e9p vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n QUAT ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00edch nghi, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n Quorum sensing l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao ti\u1ebfp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 QS k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh c\u00e3i:<\/b> Efflux pump v\u00e0 quorum sensing c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh biofilm v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n – ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 efflux pump \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t TR\u01af\u1edaC hay SAU khi biofilm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/b> Vi khu\u1ea9n trong biofilm tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng QUAT v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/b> (cross-resistance \u2014 kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng gradient n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 QUAT trong biofilm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf (sub-inhibitory). Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00edch nghi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 efflux pump), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi QUAT m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, QUAT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o (0,5\u20132%), cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Do \u0111\u00f3, nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng QUAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gradient n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi sinh v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng:<\/b> Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb MDPI 2025 v\u1ec1 sub-inhibitory (n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf) QUAT v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh:<\/p>\n “The dilution and biocide residue phenomenon within environmental systems has been shown to give rise to a concentration gradient of these compounds.<\/p>\n As a consequence of this phenomenon, microorganisms are exposed to ineffective concentrations of disinfectants, i.e., non-inhibitory, sub-inhibitory, and post-inhibitory, which causes selection pressure, and thus may result in the development of microbial resistance to a given disinfectant and cross-resistance to other agents, e.g., antibiotics.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (MDPI) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 biocide trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1ng sinh.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng QUAT, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt trong biofilm. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i alkyl l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT). C\u00e1c QUAT c\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i alkyl d\u00e0i h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 C16) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n trong \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t biofilm so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 C12 ho\u1eb7c C14.<\/p>\n Chu\u1ed7i alkyl d\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac lipid, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ma tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o (EPS) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac biofilm.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn QUAT c\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i alkyl ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 biofilm.<\/p>\n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i alkyl kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (TDS\/SDS) ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n (QUAT) trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t biofilm v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n \u0111a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch GMP.<\/p>\n QUAT \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (> 2%) <\/b>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da, m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o (0.5-1%)<\/b>, nguy c\u01a1 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 SOP.<\/p>\n So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chlorine ho\u1eb7c peracetic acid), QUAT th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c k\u00edch \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi PAA + H<\/b>\u2082<\/b>O<\/b>\u2082<\/b>:<\/b> PAA c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n (0.2-0.35%<\/b>), nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Dos & Don’ts trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n biofilm trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p “tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi” cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p H\u1ee3p L\u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n
L\u00e0m S\u1ea1ch C\u01a1 H\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 B\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 B\u1ecf Qua<\/b><\/h4>\n
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K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p QUAT V\u1edbi H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t M\u1ea1nh H\u01a1n<\/b><\/h4>\n
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Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec3 Ng\u0103n Biofilm H\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh<\/b><\/h4>\n
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D\u00f9ng QUAT C\u00f3 Chu\u1ed7i Alkyl D\u00e0i (C16 T\u1ed1t H\u01a1n C12)<\/b><\/h4>\n
C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Kh\u00e1ng QUAT \u2014 Efflux Pump V\u00e0 Quorum Sensing<\/b><\/h2>\n
Efflux pump (li\u00ean quan c\u00e1c gen qac)<\/b><\/h3>\n
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Quorum sensing:<\/b><\/h3>\n
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Tranh C\u00e3i V\u1ec1 Kh\u00e1ng Ch\u00e9o (Cross-Resistance) Gi\u1eefa QUAT V\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ng Sinh<\/b><\/h2>\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi sinh<\/b><\/h3>\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/h3>\n
Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h3>\n
H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 D\u00e0i Chu\u1ed7i Alkyl \u2014 Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3<\/b><\/h2>\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/h3>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n
Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n Cho Ph\u00f2ng S\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h2>\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/b><\/h3>\n
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T\u1ea1i sao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/b><\/h3>\n
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An To\u00e0n Cho Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Khi S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng QUAT<\/b><\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n:<\/b><\/h4>\n
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So s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c<\/b><\/h4>\n
C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n Biofilm Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 \u2014 So S\u00e1nh C\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p<\/b><\/h2>\n
B\u1ea3ng So S\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Kh\u1eed Khu\u1ea9n Biofilm C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t<\/b><\/h3>\n